Flight

ACA1038

Flight history and live tracking for ACA1038, operated by Air Canada. Recent flights from the PlaneTrack independent receiver network, with departure and arrival times, aircraft used, and a real-time position feed.

Next flight

DateSun 04 Oct 2026
RouteKDEN DENVER INTERNATIONAL → CYYZ LESTER B PEARSON INTERNATIONAL
Scheduled departure18:05 MDT

Scheduled and estimated times from the FAA SWIM feed, local to each airport.

Route

AirlineAir Canada
Typical originKDEN DENVER INTERNATIONAL
Typical destinationCYYZ LESTER B PEARSON INTERNATIONAL
Distance1,140 nm

Flight history 268 flights since Aug 2025

DateFromToDepArrDurationAircraft
2026-10-03KDEN DENVER INTERNATIONALCYYZ LESTER B PEARSON INTERNATIONAL18:15 MDT22:43 EDT2h 28mCGJXE
2026-10-02KDEN DENVER INTERNATIONALCYYZ LESTER B PEARSON INTERNATIONAL18:20 MDT23:03 EDT2h 43mCFHZG
2026-10-01KDEN DENVER INTERNATIONALCYYZ LESTER B PEARSON INTERNATIONAL18:22 MDT23:03 EDT2h 41mCGMYU
2026-09-30KDEN DENVER INTERNATIONALCYYZ LESTER B PEARSON INTERNATIONAL18:17 MDT22:57 EDT2h 40mCGYLQ
2026-09-29KDEN DENVER INTERNATIONALCYYZ LESTER B PEARSON INTERNATIONAL18:07 MDT22:45 EDT2h 38mCGUPK
2026-09-28KDEN DENVER INTERNATIONALCYYZ LESTER B PEARSON INTERNATIONAL18:34 MDT23:14 EDT2h 40mCFHEI
2026-09-26KDEN DENVER INTERNATIONALCYYZ LESTER B PEARSON INTERNATIONAL20:15 MDT01:01 EDT2h 46mCGVUN
2026-09-25KDEN DENVER INTERNATIONALCYYZ LESTER B PEARSON INTERNATIONAL18:21 MDT22:57 EDT2h 36mCFDUY
2026-09-24partialCYYZ?01:05 EDTC-FHOY
2026-09-24KDENCYYZ18:03 MDT23:06 EDT3h 02mC-FHOY
2026-09-23KDENCYYZ18:10 MDT23:06 EDT2h 55mC-FHYY
2026-09-22KDENCYYZ18:06 MDT23:12 EDT3h 05mC-GVUH
2026-09-21KDENCYYZ18:00 MDT00:34 EDT4h 33mC-GJXW
2026-09-14partialCYYZ?04:01 EDTC-GVUH
2026-09-14estimatedKDENCYYZ21:04 MDT03:16 EDT4h 11mC-GVUH
2026-09-08estimated??00:44Z02:47Z2h 02mC-FHPH
2026-09-07estimated??08:24Z09:16Z0h 51mC0150D
2026-09-07estimatedKDENCYYZ18:27 MDT23:28 EDT3h 01mC0150D
2026-09-06estimatedKDENCYYZ18:40 MDT23:27 EDT2h 46mC-GJXV
2026-09-05estimated??00:09Z03:16Z3h 06mC-FDUW
2026-09-04estimated??00:40Z03:20Z2h 40mC-FHFN
2026-09-03estimatedKDENCYYZ19:54 MDT00:50 EDT2h 55mC-GJXN
Earlier flights (246) - back to 2025-08-14
DateFromToDepArrDurationAircraft
2026-09-02partialCYYZ?01:34 EDTC-GVUN
2026-09-02estimatedKDENCYYZ18:47 MDT23:30 EDT2h 42mC-GVUN
2026-09-01estimated??03:03Z05:44Z2h 40mC-GJXV
2026-08-31estimatedKDENCYYZ18:23 MDT23:22 EDT2h 58mC-GUPL
2026-08-30estimated??01:19Z04:30Z3h 10mC-GVUN
2026-08-29estimatedKDENCYYZ18:06 MDT23:54 EDT3h 47mC-GJXW
2026-08-28partialCYYZ?00:29 EDTC-GJXW
2026-08-28estimatedKDENCYYZ18:18 MDT23:06 EDT2h 47mC-GJXW
2026-08-27partialCYYZ?01:13 EDTC-FHOY
2026-08-27estimatedKDENCYYZ19:29 MDT00:40 EDT3h 10mC-FHOY
2026-08-26estimatedKDENCYYZ19:13 MDT23:50 EDT2h 37mC-FHYY
2026-08-24estimated??01:47Z04:40Z2h 52mC012AA
2026-08-23estimatedKDENCYYZ20:22 MDT02:38 EDT4h 15mC-FHFN
2026-08-22estimated??10:59Z11:50Z0h 50mC-GROV
2026-08-22estimated??01:28Z04:24Z2h 55mC-GROV
2026-08-21estimatedKDENCYYZ18:02 MDT00:12 EDT4h 09mC-FHEI
2026-08-20estimated??00:16Z03:10Z2h 53mC-GTZU
2026-08-18estimated??01:05Z10:30Z9h 24mC-GTZS
2026-08-17estimated??00:41Z11:04Z10h 22mC-FDUW
2026-08-16estimated??00:52Z11:34Z10h 41mC-GMZY
2026-08-14estimated??00:22Z11:06Z10h 43mC-FHNB
2026-08-13estimated??00:17Z03:26Z3h 08mC-FHOY
2026-08-12estimated??00:36Z03:42Z3h 05mC-GJXN
2026-07-23estimated??00:33Z03:40Z3h 06mC-GUPG
2026-07-22estimatedKDENCYYZ22:32 MDT07:08 EDT6h 36mC-GJYE
2026-07-22estimatedKDEN?18:02 MDT03:02Z2h 59mC-GJYE
2026-07-21estimatedKDENCYYZ18:33 MDT23:42 EDT3h 08mC-FHNB
2026-07-20estimated??02:21Z05:14Z2h 52mC-GVUO
2026-07-19estimated??00:18Z03:14Z2h 55mC0150D
2026-07-18estimated?CYYZ00:48Z23:54 EDT3h 06mC-GJXW
2026-07-17estimated??00:29Z03:34Z3h 04mC-GJXE
2026-07-16estimatedKDENCYYZ18:45 MDT23:44 EDT2h 59mC-GWUT
2026-07-15estimated??00:18Z03:10Z2h 51mC-GMZY
2026-07-14estimatedKDEN?18:30 MDT09:40Z9h 09mC-GVUO
2026-07-13estimated??03:47Z05:14Z1h 26mC-GNBE
2026-07-13estimatedKDEN?18:17 MDT03:18Z3h 00mC-GNBE
2026-07-12estimatedKDENCYYZ18:37 MDT23:28 EDT2h 50mC014E0
2026-07-11estimatedKDENCYYZ19:39 MDT00:38 EDT2h 58mC-GTZS
2026-07-10estimatedKDEN?18:35 MDT03:24Z2h 48mC-GMZY
2026-07-09estimatedKDENCYYZ20:12 MDT01:28 EDT3h 15mC-GMZN
2026-07-09estimatedKDEN?19:27 MDT01:46Z0h 18mC-GMZN
2026-07-07estimatedKDENCYYZ18:34 MDT23:24 EDT2h 50mC-GWUS
2026-07-06estimatedKDENCYYZ18:35 MDT00:24 EDT3h 48mC-GUPG
2026-07-05estimatedKDENCYYZ18:09 MDT23:02 EDT2h 52mC-GNBN
2026-07-04estimatedKDENCYYZ18:30 MDT23:32 EDT3h 01mC-GVUO
2026-07-03estimatedKDEN?18:36 MDT09:20Z8h 43mC-GWUS
2026-07-02estimatedKDEN?18:39 MDT03:28Z2h 48mC-GUPG
2026-07-01estimatedKDEN?19:32 MDT04:24Z2h 51mC-GNGV
2026-06-30estimatedKDEN?18:01 MDT03:00Z2h 59mC-GNGV
2026-06-29estimatedKDENCYYZ18:00 MDT23:54 EDT3h 53mC014E0
2026-06-28partialKDEN?18:00 MDTC-GJXE
2026-06-27partialCYYZ?00:54 EDTC-GJXV
2026-06-27estimatedKDENCYYZ18:53 MDT23:36 EDT2h 42mC-GJXV
2026-06-26estimatedKDENCYYZ18:00 MDT23:18 EDT3h 18mC-GJXV
2026-06-25partialKDEN?18:00 MDTC013C3
2026-06-24partialKDEN?18:00 MDTC-GNGV
2026-06-23partialKDEN?22:55 MDTC08537
2026-06-23estimatedKDENCYYZ18:00 MDT23:22 EDT3h 22mC08537
2026-06-22CYYZKDEN08:21 EDT17:58 MDT11h 37mC012A7
2026-06-22estimated??07:19Z07:36Z0h 16mC012A7
2026-06-22KDENCYYZ18:00 MDT23:32 EDT3h 32mC012A7
2026-06-21estimatedKDEN?18:13 MDT03:32Z3h 18mC013C3
2026-06-20estimatedKDEN?18:19 MDT03:10Z2h 50mC00A0D
2026-06-19estimatedKDENCYYZ18:52 MDT23:24 EDT2h 31mC-GJXV
2026-06-18partialCYYZ?02:01 EDTC00A0D
2026-06-18estimatedKDENCYYZ18:37 MDT23:24 EDT2h 46mC00A0D
2026-06-17estimatedKDEN?19:14 MDT04:41Z3h 26mC-GMZR
2026-06-16estimatedKDEN?18:23 MDT03:14Z2h 50mC-GMYU
2026-06-15estimatedKDENCYYZ18:06 MDT22:52 EDT2h 45mC-GUPK
2026-06-14estimatedKDENCYYZ18:27 MDT23:38 EDT3h 10mC014E0
2026-06-13partialCYYZ?23:59 EDTC-GNBN
2026-06-13estimatedKDENCYYZ18:09 MDT23:04 EDT2h 54mC-GNBN
2026-06-12estimatedKDENCYYZ18:29 MDT23:18 EDT2h 48mC-GJYC
2026-05-29estimatedKDEN?18:34 MDT03:18Z2h 44mC-GWUT
2026-05-28estimatedKDENCYYZ18:28 MDT23:10 EDT2h 41mC-GWUT
2026-05-27estimatedKDENCYYZ19:03 MDT23:48 EDT2h 44mC-GWUT
2026-05-26estimatedKDEN?18:49 MDT03:36Z2h 46mC013C3
2026-05-25estimatedKDEN?19:12 MDT03:56Z2h 43mC-GUPG
2026-05-24estimatedKDEN?18:20 MDT04:10Z3h 50mC-GJYA
2026-05-23estimated??04:52Z06:26Z1h 33mC-GJXE
2026-05-23estimatedKDEN?18:40 MDT03:24Z2h 43mC-GJXE
2026-05-22estimated?CYYZ01:15Z00:18 EDT3h 02mC-GJYI
2026-05-21estimatedKDENCYYZ18:34 MDT23:08 EDT2h 33mC-GMZY
2026-05-20partialCYYZ?20:01 EDTC00A0D
2026-05-19partialKDEN?19:30 MDTC-GJXE
2026-05-12KDENCYYZ18:00 MDT23:12 EDT3h 11mC-GVUN
2026-05-11CYYZKDEN07:55 EDT17:58 MDT12h 02mC-GJYA
2026-05-11KDENCYYZ18:01 MDT23:14 EDT3h 13mC-GJYA
2026-05-10KDENCYYZ18:00 MDT23:22 EDT3h 22mC-GJXE
2026-05-09partialKDEN?18:00 MDTC-FHNB
2026-05-08CYYZKDEN07:56 EDT17:58 MDT12h 02mC-GMZY
2026-05-08estimatedKDENCYYZ18:00 MDT23:20 EDT3h 20mC-GMZY
2026-05-07CYYZKDEN07:48 EDT17:58 MDT12h 09mC-GMZN
2026-05-07KDENCYYZ18:07 MDT22:56 EDT2h 48mC-GMZN
2026-05-06partialCYYZ?00:31 EDTC-GUPG
2026-05-06KDENCYYZ18:01 MDT23:42 EDT3h 41mC-GUPG
2026-05-05CYYZKDEN07:49 EDT17:54 MDT12h 05mC-GUPG
2026-05-05KDENCYYZ19:16 MDT01:00 EDT3h 43mC-GUPG
2026-05-04estimatedKDENCYYZ18:02 MDT23:50 EDT3h 48mC-GNBN
2026-05-03partialKDEN?01:49 MDTC-GJYI
2026-05-03estimated??04:46Z07:12Z2h 26mC-GJYI
2026-05-03estimatedKDENCYYZ19:02 MDT00:04 EDT3h 01mC-GJYI
2026-05-02estimatedKDENCYYZ18:08 MDT03:12 EDT7h 03mC-FHYY
2026-04-30estimatedKDEN?12:51 MDT22:32Z3h 41mC-GNBE
2026-04-29KDENCYYZ13:00 MDT18:26 EDT3h 25mC-GUPG
2026-04-28estimatedKDENCYYZ12:33 MDT18:58 EDT4h 24mC-FHYY
2026-04-26partialCYYZ?21:22 EDTC-GJYC
2026-04-25estimatedKDENCYYZ13:30 MDT19:44 EDT4h 13mC-GJYC
2026-04-24estimatedKDENCYYZ12:32 MDT18:14 EDT3h 41mC-GNGV
2026-04-23estimatedKDENCYYZ12:30 MDT18:14 EDT3h 43mC-GMYU
2026-04-22partialKDEN?18:56 MDTC-GROV
2026-04-21estimatedKDENCYYZ12:48 MDT18:26 EDT3h 37mC-GROV
2026-04-20KDENCYYZ12:56 MDT18:56 EDT3h 59mC-GJXE
2026-04-18partial??00:00ZC-GVDQ
2026-04-17partialCYYZ?20:04 EDTC0150D
2026-04-16partialKDEN?19:24 MDTC013C3
2026-04-15estimatedKDENCYYZ12:37 MDT18:20 EDT3h 42mC013C3
2026-04-13KDENCYYZ13:30 MDT18:33 EDT3h 02mC00A0D
2026-04-12estimatedKDENCYYZ13:09 MDT18:46 EDT3h 37mC0150D
2026-04-11partialKDEN?18:16 MDTC-GVUH
2026-04-05partialCYYZ?20:12 EDTC-GJYE
2026-04-04partialKDEN?18:07 MDTC08537
2026-04-03KDENCYYZ12:51 MDT18:30 EDT3h 39mC08537
2026-04-02KDENCYYZ12:42 MDT18:26 EDT3h 43mC-FHYY
2026-04-01partialCYYZ?20:00 EDTC-GWUQ
2026-03-31KDENCYYZ13:37 MDT19:10 EDT3h 33mC-GWUQ
2026-03-30KDENCYYZ13:21 MDT19:06 EDT3h 44mC-FHNB
2026-03-29estimatedKDENCYYZ12:47 MDT17:58 EDT3h 10mC00A0D
2026-03-28KDENCYYZ13:25 MDT18:22 EDT2h 57mC0150D
2026-03-16estimated??00:00Z00:28Z0h 28mC-GTZU
2026-03-15partial??00:00ZC-GVUN
2026-03-14partial??00:57ZC0150D
2026-03-14estimated?CYYZ00:00Z20:30 EDT0h 30mC0150D
2026-03-13estimated??18:34Z23:58Z5h 23mC0150D
2026-03-12estimatedKDENCYYZ12:40 MDT19:04 EDT4h 23mC-GUPG
2026-03-11KDENCYYZ12:51 MDT18:10 EDT3h 18mC00A0D
2026-03-10KDENCYYZ12:41 MDT18:16 EDT3h 34mC-FHOY
2026-03-09partialKDEN?18:00 MDTC0150D
2026-03-08estimated??22:01Z23:58Z1h 56mC0150D
2026-03-07partialKDEN?17:00 MSTC-GJXY
2026-03-06KDENCYYZ13:29 MST18:58 EST3h 29mC-GJXY
2026-03-05estimatedKDENCYYZ13:05 MST18:38 EST3h 32mC-GWUS
2026-03-04partialCYYZ?19:01 ESTC-GUPL
2026-03-03estimatedKDENCYYZ12:49 MST18:58 EST4h 09mC-GUPL
2026-03-02partialCYYZ?19:02 ESTC-FDUW
2026-03-01partialKDEN?17:00 MSTC-GJYA
2026-02-28estimated??19:47Z23:58Z4h 10mC-GJYA
2026-02-27estimatedKDENCYYZ12:56 MST18:34 EST3h 37mC-GWUQ
2026-02-26partial??01:33ZC-GROV
2026-02-26estimated??00:01Z01:02Z1h 00mC-GROV
2026-02-25estimated??20:16Z23:58Z3h 42mC-GROV
2026-02-24partialCYYZ?06:16 ESTC00A0D
2026-02-24partialCYYZ?22:09 ESTC00A0D
2026-02-24estimatedKDENCYYZ17:00 MST20:34 EST1h 34mC00A0D
2026-02-23estimated??22:09Z23:58Z1h 49mC00A0D
2026-02-22partialKDEN?17:02 MSTC-GJXV
2026-02-21estimatedKDENCYYZ12:49 MST18:30 EST3h 41mC-GJXV
2026-02-20KDENCYYZ13:13 MST18:38 EST3h 25mC-GMZY
2026-02-19partialCYYZ?19:03 ESTC-GNBN
2026-02-18partialKDEN?17:02 MSTC00A0D
2026-02-17estimated??20:11Z23:59Z3h 47mC00A0D
2026-02-16partialKDEN?19:01 MSTC-GNGV
2026-02-15partialCYYZ?19:19 ESTC-GJYA
2026-02-14KDENCYYZ12:45 MST18:14 EST3h 28mC-GJYA
2026-02-13partialCYYZ?20:01 ESTC-FHOY
2026-02-12partialKDEN?17:57 MSTC-FDUW
2026-02-11partialCYYZ?21:21 ESTC-GTZS
2026-02-10partialCYYZ?21:02 ESTC-GJYC
2026-02-09partialCYYZ?08:02 ESTC-GNAM
2026-02-09partialCYYZ?21:17 ESTC-GNAM
2026-02-09estimatedKDENCYYZ17:03 MST20:54 EST1h 50mC-GNAM
2026-02-08partialCYYZ?20:07 ESTC-GVUN
2026-02-07KDENCYYZ13:09 MST18:58 EST3h 49mC-GVUN
2026-02-06KDENCYYZ13:17 MST18:22 EST3h 04mC-FHYY
2026-02-05KDENCYYZ12:37 MST18:50 EST4h 13mC-GNAM
2026-02-04KDENCYYZ13:11 MST18:54 EST3h 42mC-GJYE
2026-02-03estimatedKDENCYYZ13:00 MST18:36 EST3h 35mC-GTZS
2026-02-02partialCYYZ?07:20 ESTC0853F
2026-02-02partialCYYZ?04:01 ESTC0853F
2026-02-02estimatedKDENCYYZ17:00 MST21:58 EST2h 58mC0853F
2026-02-01partial??00:04ZC-GTZH
2026-01-31estimated??19:28Z23:42Z4h 13mC-GTZH
2026-01-30partialCYYZ?07:29 ESTC-GJYI
2026-01-30partialCYYZ?04:33 ESTC-GJYI
2026-01-30partialCYYZ?01:36 ESTC-GJYI
2026-01-30partialCYYZ?22:00 ESTC-GJYI
2026-01-29KDENCYYZ12:40 MST18:40 EST3h 59mC-GJYI
2026-01-28partial??00:00ZC-FHYY
2026-01-27partialCYYZ?22:12 ESTC-GWUS
2026-01-26partialKDEN?19:14 MSTC-GTZU
2026-01-25estimated??21:01Z21:18Z0h 16mC-GTZU
2026-01-25estimated??09:39Z19:26Z9h 46mC-GTZU
2026-01-25partialCYYZ?21:08 ESTC-GTZU
2026-01-24partialKDEN?21:50 MSTC-GWUQ
2026-01-24estimated??01:19Z02:18Z0h 59mC-GWUQ
2026-01-23KDENCYYZ13:53 MST18:58 EST3h 05mC-GWUQ
2026-01-22partialCYYZ?19:50 ESTC-GROV
2026-01-21partialKDEN?17:02 MSTC-FDUW
2026-01-20partial??00:00ZC-GMYU
2026-01-19estimatedKDENCYYZ15:03 MST18:58 EST1h 54mC-GMYU
2026-01-18estimatedKDENCYYZ12:50 MST18:30 EST3h 40mC013C3
2026-01-17estimatedKDENCYYZ16:02 MST18:30 EST0h 27mC0853F
2026-01-09estimated??19:57Z22:42Z2h 44mC013C3
2026-01-08partialCYYZ?19:00 ESTC-FHOY
2026-01-07KDENCYYZ13:00 MST18:58 EST3h 58mC-FHOY
2026-01-06partialCYYZ?19:00 ESTC-GNGV
2026-01-05KDENCYYZ12:57 MST18:58 EST4h 00mC-GNGV
2026-01-04partialCYYZ?19:00 ESTC-FHOY
2026-01-03KDENCYYZ13:27 MST18:58 EST3h 30mC-FHOY
2026-01-02KDENCYYZ13:10 MST18:55 EST3h 44mC-GJYA
2026-01-01estimatedKDENCYYZ12:48 MST18:33 EST3h 44mC-GJXW
2025-12-31estimatedKDENCYYZ13:12 MST18:22 EST3h 09mC-FHYY
2025-12-30KDENCYYZ12:53 MST18:14 EST3h 21mC013C3
2025-12-29estimatedKDENCYYZ12:52 MST18:46 EST3h 53mC0853F
2025-12-28KDENCYYZ12:50 MST18:12 EST3h 21mC-GVDP
2025-12-27partialKDEN?17:00 MSTC-GMYU
2025-12-26estimated??21:43Z23:58Z2h 14mC-GMYU
2025-12-26partialCYYZ?19:02 ESTC-GWUQ
2025-12-25partialCYYZ?19:00 ESTC0853F
2025-12-24partialCYYZ?19:00 ESTC-GTZH
2025-12-23partialKDEN?17:00 MSTC-GUPG
2025-12-22estimated??22:56Z23:58Z1h 01mC-GUPG
2025-12-21partialCYYZ?04:53 ESTC-GWUS
2025-12-20partialKDEN?17:00 MSTC-GJXN
2025-12-19estimatedKDENCYYZ15:41 MST18:58 EST1h 17mC-GJXN
2025-12-18estimatedKDENCYYZ13:59 MST18:56 EST2h 56mC-GUPG
2025-12-17estimatedKDENCYYZ13:33 MST18:16 EST2h 43mC-FDUW
2025-12-16partialKDEN?17:00 MSTC-GNGV
2025-12-14estimatedKDENCYYZ13:36 MST18:28 EST2h 51mC-FHNB
2025-12-13estimatedKDENCYYZ13:43 MST18:20 EST2h 36mC-GMZY
2025-12-12estimatedKDENCYYZ13:33 MST18:16 EST2h 42mC-GNGV
2025-12-11estimatedKDENCYYZ13:37 MST18:16 EST2h 38mC-GVUH
2025-12-10partialCYZD?19:00 ESTC08537
2025-12-09?CYKZ19:30Z18:58 EST4h 28mC08537
2025-11-27estimated??20:33Z23:28Z2h 54mC-GJXN
2025-11-26estimated??20:30Z23:16Z2h 45mC-GJYA
2025-10-30estimatedKDENCYYZ12:53 MDT15:54 EDT1h 00mC08537
2025-10-29estimatedKDENCYYZ12:47 MDT19:08 EDT4h 20mC-FHNB
2025-10-28partial??01:14ZC-GWUQ
2025-10-27KDENCYYZ12:43 MDT18:26 EDT3h 42mC-GWUQ
2025-08-26KDENCYYZ21:10 MDT23:28 EDT0h 17mC-GJXN
2025-08-24estimatedKDENCYYZ06:55 MDT17:44 EDT8h 48mC-GNBE
2025-08-23KDENCYYZ23:17 MDT12:44 EDT11h 26mC-GVUO
2025-08-21KDENCYYZ19:09 MDT13:02 EDT15h 52mC-GJXY
2025-08-15KDENCYYZ06:54 MDT12:34 EDT3h 39mC-GJYI
2025-08-14estimated??14:28Z16:38Z2h 10mC-GJXY

Times are local to each airport. Hover for UTC. Flights marked estimated were completed with route prediction or partial coverage; partial records have a confirmed departure but no reliable arrival fix.

Open the live map Full history CSV API access
Follow this flight

Get an email when ACA1038 flies + if it runs late.

Data access

Live positions and 365-day history for this flight are available through the PlaneTrack API (commercial use from $29/month) and as one-off CSV extracts from our archive (from $9.99, with a free one-day sample). Questions: [email protected]